In this episode of Imparare Roma, we explore one of the most complex and fascinating periods in the history of the Church and the Eternal City: from the end of the temporal power of the popes to the Second World War. After 1870, the popes increasingly focused on their universal spiritual mission. Through figures such as Saint Pius X, Saint Luigi Orione and Pius XI, the Church faced the challenges of modernity, fascism, and the profound social transformations of Rome. We will visit symbolic places such as Church of All Saints, the Lateran Palace, where the Lateran Pacts of 1929 were signed, the Foro Italico, Tiber Island, the Pontifical Roman Major Seminary, the Don Orione Center and the shrine of Madonna di Monte Mario. We will also recount the role of the Holy See during the world wars, the help given to persecuted Jews, the diplomatic action of Pius XII, and the extraordinary witness of Cardinal Pietro Palazzini, recognized as “Righteous Among the Nations.” A journey through twentieth-century Rome among faith, totalitarianisms, charity, war, and hope.